What are nervi vascularis? a. Neuropil b. Neuroglia c. Pigmented lesion of a vessel d. Nerves e. Blood vessels Answer: d

Which structure receives blood from the capillary bed? a. Capillary b. Arteriole c. Venule d. Elastic artery e. Muscular artery Answer: c

Which layer in a large artery or vein contains the vasa vasorum? a. Tunica intima b. Tunica media c. Tunica externa d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: c

What is the venous channel which is around the brain? a. Continuous capillaries b. Fenestrated capillaries c. Sinusoidal capillaries d. AV Anastomoses e. Venous sinus Answer: e

What is another term for lymphatic nodules? a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue Answer: a

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic tissue? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: a

Which of the following is NOT made of a framework of reticular fibers? a. Bone marrow b. Lymph node c. Spleen d. Thymus e. None of the above--all are made of a framework of reticular fibers. Answer: d

What is the acronym for the diffuse lymphatic tissue found in the intestinal tract? a. BALT b. DALT c. FALT d. GALT e. HALT Answer: d

What is another name for a splenic nodule? a. Malpighian corpuscle b. Trabeculae c. White pulp d. Red pulp e. Cords of Billroth Answer: a

What is the term for the entire lymphatic region of the spleen? a. Malpighian corpuscle b. Trabeculae c. White pulp d. Red pulp e. Cords of Billroth Answer: c

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen? a. Destruction of red blood cells b. Lymphocyte production c. Storage of blood d. Fetal blood cell formation e. All of the above are functions of the spleen Answer: e

When looking at a lymph node, where are lymphatic nodules? a. Deep cortex b. Tertiary cortex c. Juxtamedullary cortex d. Paracortical zone e. Outer cortex Answer: e

Where do T lymphocytes gain their immunocompetence? a. Thymus b. Thyroid c. Bursa of Fabricus d. Bone marrow e. Lymph node Answer: a

What do you call the random distribution of lymphocytes that are found in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract? a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue Answer: e

What is a characteristic of a secondary nodule? a. Germinal center b. Lymphocytes c. Capsule d. Trabeculae e. None of the above Answer: a

Which of the following is composed of epithelioreticular cells? a. Spleen b. Thymus c. Bone marrow d. Lymph node e. None of the above Answer: b

What is the acronym for the diffuse lymphatic tissue in the respiratory tract? a. BALT b. DALT c. FALT d. GALT e. HALT Answer: a

What are the localized concentrations of lymphocytes that are seen in the respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and gastrointestinal tract? a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue Answer: a

What is the lymphatic tissue in the spleen called? a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue Answer: b

What are the splenic cords? a. Cords of Billroth b. Cords of Paneth c. Cords of Bellini d. Cords of Rothchild e. Cords of Hassall Answer: a

When looking at the spleen, what are the invaginations of the capsule into the splenic parenchyma called? a. Malpighian corpuscle b. Trabeculae c. White pulp d. Red pulp e. Cords of Billroth Answer: b

When looking at a lymph node, which term does not refer to the same region as all the others listed? a. Deep cortex b. Tertiary cortex c. Outer cortex d. Juxtamedullary cortex e. Paracortical zone Answer: c

What are the spherical structures seen in the medulla of the thymus called? a. Psammoma bodies b. Corpora arenacea c. Hassall's corpuscles d. Prostatic concretions e. Pacinian corpuscles Answer: c

Where are Peyer's patches located? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Rectum Answer: c

What are the large aggregates of lymphatic tissue in the ileum? a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue Answer: c

Where is diffuse lymphatic tissue NOT found? a. Gastrointestinal tract b. Central nervous system c. Genito-urinary tract d. Respiratory tract e. None of the above-diffuse lymphatic tissue is found in all of these regions Answer: b

Where are the splenic sinuses? a. Malpighian corpuscle b. Trabeculae c. White pulp d. Red pulp e. Cords of Billroth Answer: d

What does the acronym PALS stand for? a. Papillary layer sinus b. Peyer's lymphatic sheath c. Periarterial lymphatic sheath d. Peripheral lymphatic sinus e. Parenchymal lymphatic sheath Answer: c

Which of the following is an encapsulated lymphatic organ? a. Lymph follicles b. White pulp c. Peyer's patches d. Lymph node e. Diffuse lymphatic tissue Answer: d

Which of the following is composed of loose connective tissue? a. Epidermis b. Reticular layer of dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: c

Where is thick skin found? a. Over the knee b. Sole of the feet c. Breast d. Lips e. All of the above Answer: b

Which layer of the epidermis has cells which have keratohyaline granules? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum Answer: c

Which cell is a macrophage found in the skin? a. Kupffer cells b. Histiocyte c. Dust cell d. Langerhans cell e. Microglia Answer: d

A new miracle skin cream recently hit the beauty counters which is suppose to stimulate collagen production. Which cell is it supposedly stimulating? a. Langerhans cell b. Keratinocyte c. Melanocyte d. Merkel cell e. Fibroblast Answer: e

What is the half moon shaped white area on a nail called? a. Lunula b. Eponychium c. Matrix d. Nail bed e. Root Answer: a

What is the growing part of the nail? a. Lunula b. Eponychium c. Matrix d. Nail bed e. Root Answer: c

What type of glands are the ceruminous glands? a. Sebaceous glands b. Eccrine sweat gland c. Endocrine gland d. Apocrine sweat gland e. Oil gland Answer: d

Which of the following is the most abundant sensory receptor of the skin? a. Free nerve endings b. Ruffini's corpuscles c. Pacinian corpuscles d. Krause's end bulbs e. Meissner's corpuscle Answer: a

Which of the following is composed of connective tissue? a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: e

Which of the following is composed of dense irregular connective tissue? a. Epidermis b. Reticular layer of dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: b

Where is thick skin found? a. Lips b. Over the knee c. Palms d. Breast e. All of the above Answer: c

Which layer of the epidermis is present only in thick skin? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum Answer: d

Which cell is a mechanoreceptors? a. Langerhans cell b. Keratinocyte c. Melanocyte d. Merkel cell e. Fibroblast Answer: d

Which cell is found in the dermis? a. Langerhans cell b. Keratinocyte c. Melanocyte d. Merkel cell e. Fibroblast Answer: e

What is underneath the nail plate? a. Lunula b. Eponychium c. Matrix d. Nail bed e. Root Answer: d

What is the innervation of an eccrine sweat gland? a. Cholinergic; parasympathetic b. Cholinergic; sympathetic c. Adrenergic; parasympathetic d. Adrenergic; sympathetic e. Cholinergic; motor Answer: b

Which of the following responds to continuous pressure? a. Free nerve endings b. Ruffini's corpuscles c. Pacinian corpuscles d. Krause's end bulbs e. Meissner's corpuscle Answer: b

Which of the following is found in the hair follicle? a. Pigment epithelium b. Muller's cells c. Huxley's layer d. Horizontal cells e. Cones Answer: c

The reticular layer is part of which layer? a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. None of the above Answer: b

Which of the following is NOT considered an epidermal appendage? a. Sweat gland b. Hair c. Hypodermis d. Nails e. Sebaceous glands Answer: c

Which layer of the epidermis is also called the stratum germinativum? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum Answer: a

Which layer of the epidermis is on the surface of the skin? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum Answer: e

Which cell is the most abundant cell in the epidermis? a. Langerhans cell b. Keratinocyte c. Melanocyte d. Merkel cell e. Fibroblast Answer: b

What type of epithelium forms the epidermis? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: d

What is the portion of the nail which is underneath skin? a. Lunula b. Eponychium c. Matrix d. Nail bed e. Root Answer: e

What type of glands are the glands of Moll? a. Endocrine gland b. Apocrine sweat gland c. Oil gland d. Sebaceous glands e. Eccrine sweat gland Answer: b

Which of the following responds to vibration and rapidly changing pressure? a. Free nerve endings b. Ruffini's corpuscles c. Pacinian corpuscles d. Krause's end bulbs e. Meissner's corpuscle Answer: c

Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in mucous membranes? a. Free nerve endings b. Ruffini's corpuscles c. Pacinian corpuscles d. Krause's end bulbs e. Meissner's corpuscle Answer: d

Which of the following is composed of stratified squamous epithelium? a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: a

Which of the following is NOT a function of skin a. Vitamin D production b. Protection from water loss c. Sensory reception d. Heat regulation e. All are functions of skin Answer: e

Which layer of the epidermis contains dividing cells? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum Answer: a

Which layer of the epidermis contains cells with no nuclei or organelles? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum Answer: e

Which cell is a phagocyte? a. Langerhans cell b. Keratinocyte c. Melanocyte d. Merkel cell e. Fibroblast Answer: a

What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: d

Where are apocrine sweat glands NOT found? a. Areola b. External genitalia c. Posterior neck d. Axilla e. Circumanal region Answer: c

What is the innervation of an apocrine sweat gland? a. Cholinergic; parasympathetic b. Cholinergic; sympathetic c. Adrenergic; parasympathetic d. Adrenergic; sympathetic e. Cholinergic; motor Answer: d

Which of the following is a receptor for fine touch which is located in the dermis? a. Free nerve endings b. Ruffini's corpuscles c. Pacinian corpuscles d. Krause's end bulbs e. Meissner's corpuscle Answer: e

Which of the following is found in the hair follicle? a. Henle's layer b. Bipolar cells c. Amacrine cells d. Rods e. Ganglion cells Answer: a

The papillary layer is part of which layer? a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. None of the above Answer: b

Which layer of the epidermis contains star shaped cells? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum Answer: b

Which of the following layers comprise the skin? a. Epidermis b. Dermis c. Hypodermis d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: d

Which cell is responsible for skin pigmentation? a. Langerhans cell b. Keratinocyte c. Melanocyte d. Merkel cell e. Fibroblast Answer: c

Which of the following responds to pain? a. Free nerve endings b. Ruffini's corpuscles c. Pacinian corpuscles d. Krause's end bulbs e. Meissner's corpuscle Answer: a

What is the correct term for cuticle? a. Lunula b. Eponychium c. Matrix d. Nail bed e. Root Answer: b

What color is keratin with Masson's trichrome stain? a. Red b. Pink c. Green d. Black e. Yellow Answer: a

What type of tissue makes up the dermis of the skin? a. Mucous connective tissue b. Mesenchyme c. Loose irregular connective tissue d. Dense irregular connective tissue e. Dense regular connective tissue Answer: d

What are the pressure receptors in skin called? a. Psammoma bodies b. Corpora arenacea c. Hassall's corpuscles d. Prostatic concretions e. Pacinian corpuscles Answer: e

Which sensory receptor in the skin is NOT encapsulated? a. Ruffini endings b. Free nerve endings c. Pacinian corpuscles d. Meissner's corpuscles e. Merkel cells Answer: b

Which cell is a also called a septal cell? a. Clara cell b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell Answer: c

Which cell is a respiratory macrophage? a. Kupffer cells b. Histiocyte c. Dust cell d. Langerhans cell e. Microglia Answer: c

Which cell is a type of neuron? a. Basal cells b. Brush cells c. Olfactory cells d. Sustentacular cells e. All of the above Answer: c

What cell types are found in the respiratory mucosa? a. Ciliated cells b. Goblet cells c. Basal cells d. Brush cells e. All of the above Answer: e

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis? a. Compact bone b. Spongy bone c. Hyaline cartilage d. Fibrocartilage e. Elastic cartilage Answer: e

What is the smallest airspace of the respiratory tree? a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole Answer: b

What type of epithelium lines the trachea? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: e

Which structure is part of the conducting portion of the airway? a. Bronchi b. Alveolar ducts c. Alveoli d. Alveolar sacs e. Respiratory bronchioles Answer: a

What type of epithelium lines the vestibule? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Stratified squamous epithelium d. Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of hyaline cartilage? a. Thyroid cartilage b. Cricoid cartilage c. Arytenoid cartilage d. Corniculate cartilage e. All of the above Answer: e

What part of the respiratory tree is the functional unit where gas exchange occurs? a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole Answer: b

Which cell type is involved in general sensation of the olfactory mucosa? a. Basal cells b. Brush cells c. Olfactory cells d. Sustentacular cells e. All of the above Answer: b

What type of cells are found in the olfactory mucosa? a. Basal cells b. Brush cells c. Olfactory cells d. Sustentacular cells e. All of the above Answer: e

What type of tissue makes up the rings of the trachea? a. Compact bone b. Spongy bone c. Hyaline cartilage d. Fibrocartilage e. Elastic cartilage Answer: c

Which cell is a squamous pulmonary epithelial cell? a. Clara cell b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell Answer: b

Which cell is also called an alveolar phagocyte? a. Clara cell b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell Answer: d

Which is structure is NOT part of the conducting portion of the airway? a. Bronchi b. Larynx c. Trachea d. Larynx e. Respiratory bronchioles Answer: e

What type of tissue lines the pharynx? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Stratified squamous epithelium d. Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells e. Both c and d Answer: e

What is an olfactory cell? a. Unipolar neuron b. Bipolar neuron c. Multipolar neuron d. Supporting cell e. None of the above Answer: b

Which type of cartilage is found in the larynx? a. Hyaline cartilage b. Elastic cartilage c. Fibrocartilage d. Both a and b e. All of the above Answer: d

What structure is similar to a "bunch of grapes? a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole Answer: c

Which cell is found in large numbers in the terminal bronchioles? a. Clara cell b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell Answer: a

Which cell type is located at the basal lamina of the olfactory mucosa? a. Basal cells b. Brush cells c. Olfactory cells d. Sustentacular cells e. All of the above Answer: a

Which cell type is most numerous in olfactory mucosa? a. Basal cells b. Brush cells c. Olfactory cells d. Sustentacular cells e. None of the above Answer: d

What type of epithelium is found in the respiratory mucosa of man? a. Non-ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells b. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: b

What type of tissue makes up the epiglottis? a. Compact bone b. Spongy bone c. Hyaline cartilage d. Fibrocartilage e. Elastic cartilage Answer: e

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: a

What type of tissue lines the paranasal sinuses? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple columnar epithelium c. Stratified squamous epithelium d. Ciliated pseudostratified epithelium with goblet cells e. Transitional epithelium Answer: d

In which structure does gas exchange NOT occur? a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole Answer: e

Which cell secretes surfactant? a. Clara cell b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell Answer: c

Which cartilage of the larynx is made of elastic cartilage? a. Thyroid cartilage b. Cricoid cartilage c. Arytenoid cartilage d. Epiglottis e. Corniculate cartilage Answer: d

Which cell is rarely found in the alveolus? a. Clara cell b. Type I pneumocyte c. Type II pneumocyte d. Dust cell e. Brush cell Answer: e

What are the alveolar pores called? a. Pores of Luschka b. Pores of Descemet c. Pores of Mall d. Pores of Kohn e. Pores of Disse Answer: d

What is the first portion of the respiratory tree where gas exchange can occur? a. Alveolar duct b. Alveoli c. Alveolar sac d. Respiratory bronchiole e. Terminal bronchiole Answer: d

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? a. V b. VII c. IX d. X e. XII Answer: c

Which cranial nerve to the tongue is responsible for movement? a. V b. VII c. IX d. X e. XII Answer: e

Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? a. V b. VII c. IX d. X e. XII Answer: a

Which cranial nerve is responsible for taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? a. V b. VII c. IX d. X e. XII Answer: b

Which cranial nerve is responsible for general sensation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? a. V b. VII c. IX d. X e. XII Answer: c

What covers the tooth that is embedded within the jaw? a. Pulp cavity b. Dentin c. Dental pulp d. Cementum e. Enamel Answer: d

What is within the pulp cavity? a. Pulp cavity b. Dentin c. Dental pulp d. Cementum e. Enamel Answer: c

What is the central portion of a tooth called? a. Pulp cavity b. Dentin c. Dental pulp d. Cementum e. Enamel Answer: a

What covers the visible portion of a tooth ? a. Pulp cavity b. Dentin c. Dental pulp d. Cementum e. Enamel Answer: e

What surrounds the pulp cavity? a. Pulp cavity b. Dentin c. Dental pulp d. Cementum e. Enamel Answer: b

Which layer contains the lamina propria? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: a

What is another term for the valve of Kerckring? a. Lacteal b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn c. Plicae circulares d. Striated border e. Villi Answer: c

Which type of papillae on the tongue is the smallest? a. Filiform papillae b. Circumvallate papillae c. Fungiform papillae d. Foliate papillae e. All of the above Answer: a

Where are Peyer's patches located? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Rectum Answer: c

What type of muscle makes up the muscularis externa in the esophagus? a. Smooth b. Striated c. Cardiac d. both a and b e. a, b, and c. Answer: d

What are mucous surface cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c

Which layer consists of only a single layer of epithelial cells and underlying connective tissue? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: d

What is another term for the brush border? a. Lacteal b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn c. Plicae circulares d. Striated border e. Villi Answer: d

Which type of papillae on the tongue is arranged in a "V" shape on the tongue? a. Filiform papillae b. Circumvallate papillae c. Fungiform papillae d. Foliate papillae e. All of the above Answer: b

Which cells secrete intrinsic factor? a. Parietal cells b. Oxyntic cells c. Chief cells c. Mucous neck cells e. Both a and b Answer: e

Which layer contains the lining epithelium? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: a

Which type of papillae on the tongue does NOT contain taste buds? a. Filiform papillae b. Circumvallate papillae c. Fungiform papillae d. Foliate papillae e. All of the above Answer: a

Which layer contains Auerbach's plexus? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: c

Which cells secrete hydrochloric acid? a. Parietal cells b. Oxyntic cells c. Chief cells d. Mucous neck cells e. Both a and b Answer: e

What is another term for the intestinal glands? a. Lacteal b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn c. Plicae circulares d. Striated border e. Villi Answer: b

Which organ has a mucosa lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Rectum What are the folds of the stomach called? a. Ruffled border b. Taeniae coli c. Gastric glands d. Rugae e. Gastric pits Which type of papillae on the tongue is mushroom shaped? a. Filiform papillae b. Circumvallate papillae c. Fungiform papillae d. Foliate papillae e. All of the above Answer: c

Which layer contains the muscularis mucosa? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: a

What are microvilli called that are seen in the small intestine? a. Lacteal b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn c. Plicae circulares d. Striated border e. Villi Answer: d

Which layer of the gastrointestinal tract contains the gut associated lymphatic tissue? a. Mucosa b. Submucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Muscularis mucosae e. Serosa Answer: a

Which cells secrete pepsinogen? a. Parietal cells b. Oxyntic cells c. Chief cells d. Mucous neck cells e. Both a and b Answer: c

Which layer contains Meissner's plexus? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: b

What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c

What type of tissue lines the upper esophagus? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: d

What are the modifications of the muscularis externa that is seen on the large intestine? a. Teniae coli b. Crypts of Lieberkuhn c. Plicae circulares d. Striated border e. Villi Answer: a

Where are Brunner's glands located? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Rectum Answer: c

What is the primary cell of the intestinal epithelium of the large intestine? a. Columnar absorptive cell b. Goblet cell c. Parietal cells d. Paneth cells e. Chief cells Answer: a

Which region are goblet cells most numerous? a. Esophagus b. Stomach c. Small intestine d. Large intestine e. Anus Answer: d

Where is mesothelium found? a. Mucosa b. Sub mucosa c. Muscularis externa d. Serosa e. Adventitia Answer: d

Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Alpha cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Acini Answer: e

What are divertiuclae of the mucosa of the gallbladder called? a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses b. Ducts of Luschka c. Duct of Wirsung d. Ampulla of Vater e. Sphincter of Oddi Answer: a

What structure is in the middle of the hepatic lobule? a. Hepatic artery b. Portal triad c. Central vein d. Portal vein e. Sinusoids Answer: c

What is the space between the liver sinusoids and the hepatocytes called? a. Space of Disse b. Space of Mall c. Vacuole d. Lacuna e. Howship's lacuna Answer: a

What is the name of the cellular mass for the endocrine portion of the pancreas? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Alpha cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Acini Answer: a

Which structures are part of the portal triad? a. Portal vein b. Hepatic artery c. Central vein d. Sinusoids e. Both a and b Answer: e

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? a. Metabolism of bilirubin b. Deamination of amino acids c. Storage of iron d. Storage of copper e. Storage of calcium Answer: e

What is the functional unit of the liver? a. Lobule b. Portal triad c. Central vein d. Hepatocyte e. Sinusoids Answer: a

What are the valves which regulates the flow of bile into the intestine? a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses b. Ducts of Luschka c. Duct of Wirsung d. Ampulla of Vater e. Sphincter of Oddi Answer: e

What cells of the pancreas secrete somatostatin? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Alpha cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Gamma cells Answer: d

What is the opening of the pancreatic duct into the duodenum? a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses b. Ducts of Luschka c. Duct of Wirsung d. Ampulla of Vater e. Sphincter of Oddi Answer: d

Which of the following is the exocrine portion of the pancreas? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Alpha cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Acini Answer: e

Which of the following clotting factors is NOT produced in the liver? a. Factor I b. Factor II c. Factor IV d. Factor IX e. Factor X Answer: c

In what structure does blood run through between the hepatocytes? a. Hepatic artery b. Portal triad c. Central vein d. Portal vein e. Sinusoids Answer: e

What is the space called that is located at the portal canal between the hepatocytes and connective tissue? a. Space of Disse b. Space of Mall c. Vacuole d. Lacuna e. Howship's lacuna Answer: a

What is the classification of the pancreas? a. Mixed b. Endocrine c. Exocrine d. Both endocrine and exocrine e. None of the above Answer: d

Which cell is a hepatic macrophage? a. Kupffer cells b. Histiocyte c. Dust cell d. Langerhans cell e. Microglia Answer: a

Where in the pancreas are islets of Langerhans most numerous? a. Head b. Body c. Tail d. Evenly distributed e. Depends on the individual Answer: c

What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Alpha cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Gamma cells Answer: c

What is the pancreatic duct? a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses b. Ducts of Luschka c. Duct of Wirsung d. Ampulla of Vater e. Sphincter of Oddi Answer: c

What structure is at the angle of the liver lobule? a. Lobule b. Portal triad c. Central vein d. Hepatocyte e. Sinusoids Answer: b

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? a. Cholecystokinin production b. Bile production c. Detoxification d. Albumin production e. Synthesis of clotting factors Answer: a

What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Alpha cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Gamma cells Answer: b

What are the connection between the cystic duct and liver? a. Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses b. Ducts of Luschka c. Duct of Wirsung d. Ampulla of Vater e. Sphincter of Oddi Answer: b

Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver? a. Conversion of glucose into glycogen b. Storage of glycogen c. Storage of bile d. Storage of fat soluble vitamins e. Cholesterol synthesis Answer: c

What cells of the pancreas secrete pancreatic polypeptide? a. Islets of Langerhans b. Alpha cells c. Beta cells d. Delta cells e. Gamma cells Answer: e

What is the glomerulus? a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole c. Capillary tuft d. Peritubular capillaries e. Vasa recta Answer: c

What is a renal pyramid and its associated cortex referred to? a. Medulla b. Lobe c. Renal columns d. Nephron e. Medullary ray Answer: b

Approximately how many nephrons are there in each kidney? a. 1,000 b. 10,000 c. 100,000 d. 1,000,000 e. 10,000,000 Answer: d

What is the Malpighian corpuscle? a. Glomerulus b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle e. Distal convoluted tubule Answer: c

What are the ducts of Bellini? a. Collecting tubules b. Distal convoluted tubule c. Proximal convoluted tubule d. Loop of Henle e. Medullary ray Answer: a

What are the foot processes on podocytes? a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule c. Pedicels d. Juxtaglomerular cells e. Macula densa Answer: c

What vessel is a branch of the interlobular artery? a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole c. Capillary tuft d. Peritubular capillaries e. Vasa recta Answer: a

What type of tissue lines the bladder? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: e

What is the projection of the medulla into the renal cortex called? a. Medulla b. Lobe c. Renal columns d. Nephron e. Medullary ray Answer: e

What makes up the Juxtaglomerular apparatus? a. Pedicels b. Juxtaglomerular cells c. Macula densa d. Both a and b e. Both b and c Answer: e

What vessels arise from the efferent arteriole? a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole c. Capillary tuft d. Peritubular capillaries e. Vasa recta Answer: d

Which structure does the proximal convoluted lead to? a. Glomerulus b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle e. Distal convoluted tubule Answer: d

What is the correct term for the foot processes on podocytes? a. Pedis b. Pedicels c. Pedalis d. Pes e. Pediocyte Answer: b

Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidney? a. Erythropoietin production b. Vitamin D modification c. Acid base balance d. Aldosterone production e. Renin production Answer: d

What is the space between the renal pyramids called? a. Medulla b. Lobe c. Renal columns d. Nephron e. Medullary ray Answer: c

What is the capillary tuft of the nephron? a. Glomerulus b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle e. Distal convoluted tubule Answer: a

What vessel supplies blood to the glomerulus? a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole c. Capillary tuft d. Peritubular capillaries e. Vasa recta Answer: a

What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: b

Where is renin secreted from? a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule c. Pedicels d. Juxtaglomerular cells e. Macula densa Answer: d

What are the "straight vessels"? a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole c. Capillary tuft d. Peritubular capillaries e. Vasa recta Answer: e

What is the inner region of the kidney called? a. Medulla b. Lobe c. Renal columns d. Nephron e. Medullary ray Answer: a

What is the double layered cap on the glomerulus? a. Glomerulus b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle e. Distal convoluted tubule Answer: b

Where are podocytes seen? a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule c. Pedicels d. Juxtaglomerular cells e. Macula densa Answer: a

What vessel is formed from an aggregation of the glomerular capillaries? a. Afferent arteriole b. Efferent arteriole c. Capillary tuft d. Peritubular capillaries e. Vasa recta Answer: b

What is the functional unit of the kidney? a. Medulla b. Lobe c. Renal columns d. Nephron e. Medullary ray Answer: d

Which structure leads to the collecting duct? a. Glomerulus b. Bowman's capsule c. Renal corpuscle d. Loop of Henle e. Distal convoluted tubule Answer: e

What cells are sensitive to sodium concentration? a. Visceral layer of Bowman's capsule b. Parietal layer of Bowman's capsule c. Pedicels d. Juxtaglomerular cells e. Macula densa Answer: e

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system? a. Products secreted into blood b. Glands with ducts c. Secretes hormones d. Non localized response e. All of the following are characteristics of the endocrine system Answer: b

What type of hormone is testosterone? a. Protein b. Amino acid chain c. Steroid d. Catecholamine e. None of the above Answer: c

What organ is nicknamed the "master gland" a. Adrenal medulla b. Adrenal cortex c. Brain d. Pituitary e. Heart Answer: d

What cell type secretes ACTH? a. Lactotropic cells b. Thyrotropic cells c. Somatotropic cells d. Corticotropic cells e. Gonadotropic cells Answer: d

Where is corpora arenacea found? a. Pituitary b. Pineal gland c. Adrenal gland d. Pancreas e. Thyroid Answer: b

Which gland secretes melatonin? a. Pancreas b. Thyroid c. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland (cortex) e. Adrenal gland (medulla) Answer: c

Which cell type are involved in the secretion thyroglobulin? a. Principal cell b. Oxyphil cell c. Parafollicular cells d. Follicular cells e. Chromaffin cells Answer: d

Where is insulin secreted from? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. Gamma cells d. Delta cells e. Acini Answer: b

Which of the following is part of the adrenal gland? a. Chromaffin cells b. Zona reticularis c. Zona glomerulosa d. Zona fasciculata e. All of the above Answer: e

Which part the adrenal gland secretes glucocorticoids? a. Chromaffin cells b. Zona reticularis c. Zona glomerulosa d. Zona fasciculata e. None of the above Answer: d

What type of hormone is insulin? a. Protein b. Peptide c. Steroid d. Catecholamine e. None of the above Answer: a

What connects the pituitary to the hypothalamus? a. Pars intermedia b. Pars tuberalis c. Infundibulum d. Adenohypophysis e. Neurohypophysis Answer: c

Which of the following is not part of the adenohypophysis? a. Pars intermedia b. Pars tuberalis c. Pars distalis d. Pars nervosa e. All of the above are part of the adenohypophysis Answer: d

What cell type secretes prolactin? a. Lactotropic cells b. Thyrotropic cells c. Somatotropic cells d. Corticotropic cells e. Gonadotropic cells Answer: a

Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil? a. Gonadotropic cells b. Corticotropic cells c. Thyrotropic cells d. Lactotropic cells e. All of the above Answer: d

Which gland secretes calcitonin? a. Pancreas b. Thyroid c. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland (cortex) e. Adrenal gland (medulla) Answer: b

Which cell type are also called C cells? a. Principal cell b. Oxyphil cell c. Parafollicular cells d. Follicular cells e. Chromaffin cells Answer: c

Where is glucagon secreted from? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. Gamma cells d. Delta cells e. Acini Answer: a

Which of the following is a component of the adrenal medulla? a. Chromaffin cells b. Zona reticularis c. Zona glomerulosa d. Zona fasciculata e. All of the above Answer: a

What are the cells of the pineal gland called? a. Follicular cells b. Parafollicular cells c. Pinealocytes d. P cells e. PP cells Answer: c

What type of hormone is prolactin? a. Protein b. Peptide c. Steroid d. Catecholamine e. None of the above Answer: a

Where are tropic hormones secreted from? a. Pars intermedia b. Pars tuberalis c. Infundibulum d. Adenohypophysis e. Neurohypophysis Answer: d

Which of the following is not part of the neurohypophysis? a. Median eminence b. Pars distalis c. Pars nervosa d. Infundibular stalk e. All of the above are part of the neurohypophysis Answer: b

What cell type secretes MSH? a. Lactotropic cells b. Thyrotropic cells c. Somatotropic cells d. Corticotropic cells e. Gonadotropic cells Answer: d

Which of the following cells can be classified as an acidophil? a. Corticotropic cells b. Thyrotropic cells c. Gonadotropic cells d. None of the above e. All of the above Answer: d

Which gland secretes epinephrine? a. Pancreas b. Thyroid c. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland (cortex) e. Adrenal gland (medulla) Answer: e

Which gland secretes cortisol? a. Pancreas b. Thyroid c. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland (cortex) e. Adrenal gland (medulla) Answer: d

Which cell type is found in the adrenal medulla? a. Principal cell b. Oxyphil cell c. Parafollicular cells d. Follicular cells e. Chromaffin cells Answer: e

Where is pancreatic polypeptide secreted from? a. Alpha cells b. Beta cells c. Gamma cells d. Delta cells e. Acini Answer: c

Which of the following is the middle layer of the adrenal cortex? a. Chromaffin cells b. Zona reticularis c. Zona glomerulosa d. Zona fasciculata e. None of the above Answer: d

What type of hormone is epinephrine? a. Protein b. Amino acid chain c. Steroid d. Catecholamine e. None of the above Answer: d

What is another term for the posterior lobe of the pituitary? a. Pars intermedia b. Pars tuberalis c. Pars distalis d. Pars nervosa e. Infundibular stalk Answer: d

What cell type secretes TSH? a. Lactotropic cells b. Thyrotropic cells c. Somatotropic cells d. Corticotropic cells e. Gonadotropic cells Answer: b

Which of the following cells can be classified as a basophil? a. Corticotropic cells b. Thyrotropic cells c. Gonadotropic cells d. None of the above e. All of the above Answer: e

Which gland secretes insulin? a. Pancreas b. Thyroid c. Pineal gland d. Adrenal gland (cortex) e. Adrenal gland (medulla) Answer: a

Which part the adrenal gland secretes sex steroids? a. Chromaffin cells b. Zona reticularis c. Zona glomerulosa d. Zona fasciculata e. None of the above Answer: b

What is the classification of the pancreas? a. Mixed b. Endocrine c. Exocrine d. Both endocrine and exocrine e. None of the above Answer: d

What are developing gametes called? a. Oogenesis b. Ovary c. Ovulation d. Oocyte e. Ova Answer: d

What is the inner part of the ovary? a. Follicle b. Germinal epithelium c. Medulla d. Tunica albuginea e. Cortex Answer: c

Which stage of the follicle is arrested in prophase? a. Primordial follicle b. Primary follicle c. Secondary follicle d. Mature follicle e. Graffian follicle Answer: a

What is the cavity within a secondary follicle? a. Graffian follicle b. Theca folliculi c. Granulosa cells d. Zona pellucida e. Antrum Answer: e

During the first week to 10 days, what is the main hormone which stimulates the growth of the follicles? a. FSH b. LH c. HCG d. Estrogen e. Progesterone Answer: a

What is the female organ called where gametogenesis occurs? a. Oogenesis b. Ovary c. Ovulation d. Oocyte e. Ova Answer: b

Which stage of the follicle is marked by the surrounding of flattened (squamous) follicular cells becoming cuboidal? a. Primordial follicle b. Primary follicle c. Secondary follicle d. Mature follicle e. Graffian follicle Answer: b

What is ovulated? a. Graffian follicle b. Theca folliculi c. Granulosa cells d. Zona pellucida e. Antrum Answer: a

What is the outer part of the ovary? a. Follicle b. Germinal epithelium c. Medulla d. Tunica albuginea e. Cortex Answer: e

During a pregnancy, which hormone which maintains the corpus luteum? a. FSH b. LH c. HCG d. Estrogen e. Progesterone Answer: c

Which structure contains the oocyte? a. Follicle b. Germinal epithelium c. Medulla d. Tunica albuginea e. Cortex Answer: a

Which follicular stage is also called an antral follicle? a. Primordial follicle b. Primary follicle c. Secondary follicle d. Mature follicle e. Graffian follicle Answer: c

The appearance of the antrum is a characteristic of which stage of follicular development? a. Primordial follicle b. Primary follicle c. Secondary follicle d. Mature follicle e. Graffian follicle Answer: c

What is the acidophilic glycoprotein coat which surrounds the oocyte? a. Graffian follicle b. Theca folliculi c. Granulosa cells d. Zona pellucida e. Antrum Answer: d

What tissue surrounds the ovary? a. Follicle b. Germinal epithelium c. Medulla d. Tunica albuginea e. Cortex Answer: b

What is a mature gamete called? a. Oogenesis b. Ovary c. Ovulation d. Oocyte e. Ova Answer: e

Which stage of the follicle is characterized by a surrounding of flattened (squamous) follicular cells? a. Primordial follicle b. Primary follicle c. Secondary follicle d. Mature follicle e. Graffian follicle Answer: a

What is another term for the mature follicle? a. Primordial follicle b. Primary follicle c. Secondary follicle d. Antral follicle e. Graffian follicle Answer: e

What occurs cyclically in a female? a. Oogenesis b. Ovary c. Ovulation d. Oocyte e. Ova Answer: c

What is the connective tissue layer around the primary follicle? a. Graffian follicle b. Theca folliculi c. Granulosa cells d. Zona pellucida e. Antrum Answer: b

Ovulation is triggered by a dramatic increase in which hormone? a. FSH b. LH c. HCG d. Estrogen e. Progesterone Answer: b

What is the connective tissue which surrounds the ovary? a. Follicle b. Germinal epithelium c. Medulla d. Tunica albuginea e. Cortex Answer: d

In the female, what is the correct term for the production of gametes called? a. Oogenesis b. Ovary c. Ovulation d. Oocyte e. Ova Answer: a

What are the follicular cells? a. Graffian follicle b. Theca folliculi c. Granulosa cells d. Zona pellucida e. Antrum Answer: c

Which cells produce testosterone? a. Interstitial cells b. Leydig cells c. Sertoli cells d. Sustentacular cells e. Both a and b Answer: e

How many seminiferous tubules are found in each testis of an average man? a. 4-6 b. 40-60 c. 400-600 d. 4000-6000 e. 40,000-60,000 Answer: c

Which of the following are produced by the Leydig cells? a. Inhibin b. Androgen binding protein c. Testosterone d. Both a and b e. All of the above Answer: c

Which of the following is NOT considered part of the male genital duct system? a. Rete testis b. Tubuli recti c. Seminal vesicles d. Ductus deferens e. Ductus epididymidis Answer: c

What is the surface modification seen on the cells of the epididymis? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: b

What type of hormone is testosterone? a. Protein b. Amino acid chain c. Steroid d. Catecholamine e. None of the above Answer: c

Which of the following is true? a. There is one corpus cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum b. There is one corpus cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum c. There are two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum d. There are two corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum e. There are four corpora cavernosa and two corpora spongiosum Answer: c

What gland in the male is homologous to the greater vestibular gland in the female? a. Bartholin's gland b. Prostate gland c. Skene's gland d. Cowper's gland e. Brunner's gland Answer: d

What is the most commonly seen type of epithelium in the prostate? a. Transitional b. Simple columnar c. Stratified squamous d. Simple squamous e. Simple cuboidal Answer: b

What type of epithelium lines the epididymis? a. Pseudostratified b. Simple columnar c. Stratified squamous d. Simple squamous e. Simple cuboidal Answer: a

Which cells are directly involved in spermatogenesis? a. Interstitial cells b. Leydig cells c. Sertoli cells d. Sustentacular cells e. Both c and d Answer: e

Which of the following are produced by the Sertoli cells? a. Inhibin b. Androgen binding protein c. Testosterone d. Both a and b e. All of the above Answer: d

Which of the following is NOT considered an accessory gland? a. Prostate b. Bulbourethral gland c. Seminal vesicles d. Ductus deferens e. None of the above Answer: d

What is another term for a bulbourethral gland? a. Bartholin's gland b. Prostate gland c. Skene's gland d. Cowper's gland e. Brunner's gland Answer: d

What are the spherical structures seen in some prostatic alveoli called? a. Psammoma bodies b. Corpora arenacea c. Hassall's corpuscles d. Prostatic concretions e. Pacinian corpuscles Answer: d

What type of epithelium lines the seminal vesicles? a. Pseudostratified b. Simple columnar c. Stratified squamous d. Simple squamous e. Simple cuboidal Answer: a

What type of epithelium lines the vas deferens? a. Pseudostratified b. Simple columnar c. Stratified squamous d. Simple squamous e. Simple cuboidal Answer: a

What type of gland composes the prostate? a. Simple straight tubular gland b. Simple coiled tubular gland c. Simple alveolar gland d. Compound tubular gland e. Compound tubuloalveolar gland branches, it is referred to as a compound gland. referred to as a tubular gland. If the ending of the tube is flasklike, it is tubuloalveoler. If the part of the gland which secretes elements is shaped like a flask, it is referred to as acinar or alveolar. What is the stroma of the prostate? a. Loose irregular connective tissue b. Smooth muscle c. Fibromuscular d. Adipose tissue e. Dense irregular connective tissue Answer: c

How many layers of smooth muscle are in the vas deferens? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 Answer: c

How many corpora cavernosa are there? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 Answer: b

Which one of the following are the earliest cells of spermatogenesis? a. Primary spermatocytes b. Secondary spermatocytes c. Spermatids d. Spermatozoa e. Spermatogonia Answer: e

Which cells are also called "nurse cells"? a. Interstitial cells b. Leydig cells c. Sertoli cells d. Sustentacular cells e. Both c and d Answer: e

When do the testes descend into the scrotum? a. Fetal development b. Infancy c. Puberty d. Adulthood e. During arousal Answer: a

Which is the largest accessory structure of the male reproductive system a. Epididymis b. Prostate c. Seminal vesicle d. Bulbourethral gland e. Cowper's gland Answer: b

What is the capsule that surrounds the testes? a. Tunica adventitia b. Tunica externa c. Tunica media d. Tunica intima e. Tunica albuginea Answer: The tunica albuginea is the thick capsule around each testis.

What is Bruch's membrane? a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea e. Lamina cribrosa Answer: d

What are neurons in the retina? a. Unipolar b. Pseudounipolar c. Bipolar d. Multipolar e. Both a and b Answer: c

Which structure is transparent? a. Choroid b. Ciliary body c. Iris d. Ora serrata e. Cornea Answer: e

Which of the following is the receptor for color? a. Rods b. Cones c. Bipolar cells d. Ganglion cells e. Horizontal cells Answer: b

What is responsible for adjusting the lens? a. Choroid b. Ciliary muscle c. Iris d. Ora serrata e. Sclera Answer: b

What is the region called where the optic nerve exits the eye? a. Os b. Optic chiasm c. Lamina cribrosa d. Optic disc e. Ora serrata Answer: d

Which of the following is a type of neuron? a. Rods b. Ganglion cells c. Cones d. Pigmented epithelium e. Supporting cells Answer: b

What is the space anterior to the iris? a. Anterior chamber b. Posterior chamber c. Vitreal cavity d. Both a and b e. All of a, b, and c Answer: a

Which layer forms the majority of the cornea? a. Epithelium b. Endothelium c. Descemet's membrane d. Substantia propria e. Bowman's membrane Answer: d

What is the region where the optic nerve leaves the eyeball? a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea e. Lamina cribrosa Answer: b

What are the receptors for vision? a. Rods b. Cones c. Bipolar cells d. Ganglion cells e. Both a and b Answer: e

Where is the ciliary muscle located? a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea e. Lamina cribrosa Answer: a

Where is the ciliary muscle located? a. Choroid b. Ciliary body c. Iris d. Ora serrata e. Sclera Answer: b

What are the openings within the sclera which allow nerve fibers to exit? a. Os b. Optic chiasm c. Lamina cribrosa d. Optic disc e. Ora serrata Answer: c

Which of the following is NOT part of the retina? a. Receptor cells b. Neurons c. Pigmented epithelium d. Ciliary body e. Supporting cells Answer: d

What structure adjusts the shape of the lens? a. Internal oblique muscle b. Orbicularis oculi c. Tarsus d. Ciliary muscle e. Levator muscle Answer: d

What is the inner layer of the choroid? a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea e. Lamina cribrosa Answer: d

Where does aqueous humor from anterior chamber collect into? a. Canaliculi b. Canal of Hering c. Canal of Muller d. Canal of Descemet e. Canal of Schlemm Answer: e

Which layer of the cornea is acellular? a. Epithelium b. Endothelium c. Descemet's membrane d. Substantia propria e. None of the above Answer: c

Which structure is avascular? a. Retina b. Cornea c. Choroid d. Sclera e. Uvea Answer: b

During the American Revolution, in the battle of Bunker Hill, an officer instructed his troops: "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes". What anatomical structure was he referring to? a. Choroid b. Ciliary body c. Iris d. Ora serrata e. Sclera Answer: e

Where is the region associated with maximum visual acuity? a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea e. Lamina cribrosa Answer: c

What is the suspensory ligament of the lens? a. Zonlular fibers b. Purkinje fibers c. Elastic fibers d. Spiral ligament e. Oval ligament Answer: a

Which layer of the cornea is acellular? a. Bowman's membrane b. Substantia propria c. Epithelium d. Endothelium e. All of the above Answer: a

How many layers of tissue compose the eyeball? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 Answer: c

What type of glands are the glands of Moll? a. Endocrine gland b. Apocrine sweat gland c. Oil gland d. Sebaceous glands e. Eccrine sweat gland Answer: b

Which structure is part the uvea? a. Ora serrata b. Pigmented epithelium c. Cornea d. Sclera e. Ciliary body Answer: e

What is the space anterior to the lens? a. Anterior chamber b. Posterior chamber c. Vitreal cavity d. Both a and b e. All of a, b, and c Answer: d

What is the vascular pigmented structure? a. Choroid b. Ciliary body c. Iris d. Ora serrata e. Lens Answer: a

What type of epithelium is on the surface of the cornea? a. Simple squamous b. Stratified squamous c. Simple cuboidal d. Simple columnar e. Transitional epithelium Answer: b

What structure was Crystal Gayle referring to when she sang, "Don't it make my brown eyes blue"? a. Pupil b. Lens c. Cornea d. Iris e. Retina Answer: d

What makes up the bulk of the cornea? a. Purkinje fibers b. Myofibrils c. Elastic fibers d. Reticular fibers e. Collagen fibers Answer: e

What is the middle layer of the eyeball? a. Uvea b. Rods c. Cones d. Bipolar cells e. Ganglion cells Answer: a

What is the anterior pigmented portion of the retina called? a. Choroid b. Ciliary body c. Iris d. Ora serrata e. Sclera Answer: d

Which one of the following is not found in the retina? a. Henle's layer b. Bipolar cells c. Amacrine cells d. Rods e. Ganglion cells Answer: a

Which structure is part the uvea? a. Ora serrata b. Pigmented epithelium c. Choroid d. Cornea e. Sclera Answer: c

What is the space posterior to the lens? a. Anterior chamber b. Posterior chamber c. Vitreal cavity d. Both a and b e. All of a, b, and c Answer: c

Where is the blind spot? a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea e. Lamina cribrosa Answer: b

How many layers does the retina have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 4 d. 5 e. 10 Answer: e

Where on the retina are there no photoreceptors? a. Ciliary body b. Optic disc c. Fovea centralis d. Lamina vitrea e. Lamina cribrosa Answer: b

What makes up the bulk of the sclera? a. Purkinje fibers b. Myofibrils c. Elastic fibers d. Reticular fibers e. Collagen fibers Answer: e

Which is NOT part of the retina? a. Rods b. Cones c. Bipolar cells d. Ganglion cells e. Uvea Answer: e

What is the most anterior portion of the uvea? a. Choroid b. Ciliary body c. Iris d. Ora serrata e. Sclera Answer: c

Which one of the following is not found in the retina? a. Pigment epithelium b. Muller's cells c. Huxley's layer d. Horizontal cells e. Cones Answer: c

Which structure is part the uvea? a. Sclera b. Iris c. Ora serrata d. Pigmented epithelium e. Cornea Answer: b

What is the space posterior to the iris? a. Anterior chamber b. Posterior chamber c. Vitreal cavity d. Both a and b e. All of a, b, and c Answer: b

What is within the membranous labyrinth? a. Lymph b. Blood c. Endolymph d. Perilymph e. Air Answer: c

What is within the bony labyrinth? a. Lymph b. Blood c. Endolymph d. Perilymph e. Air Answer: d

Which contains endolymph? a. Scala vestibuli b. Scala tympani c. Cochlear duct d. Both a and b e. All a, b, and c Answer: c

Which contains perilymph? a. Scala vestibuli b. Scala tympani c. Cochlear duct d. Both a and b e. All a, b, and c Answer: d

Where are the sensory receptors for hearing? a. Saccule b. Utricle c. Organ of Corti d. Semicircular canals e. Both a and b Answer: c

Where are the sensory receptors for movement? a. Saccule b. Utricle c. Organ of Corti d. Semicircular canals e. Both a and b Answer: d

Where are the sensory receptors for position? a. Saccule b. Utricle c. Organ of Corti d. Semicircular canals e. Both a and b Answer: e

What structure is shaped like a snail shell? a. Saccule b. Utricle c. Organ of Corti d. Semicircular canals e. Cochlea Answer: e Where is the organ of Corti? a. Saccule b. Utricle c. Crista ampullaris d. Semicircular canals e. Cochlea Answer: e

What sensation does the crista ampullaris recognize? a. Sound b. Position c. Movement d. Vibration e. All of the above Answer: c

Which cell type is the receptor cell within the organ of Corti? a. Cells of Hensen b. Hair cells c. Inner border cells d. Outer phalangeal cells e. Inner pillar cells Answer: b

What type of tissue lines the bladder? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: e

What type of tissue lines most ducts? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: b

What type of epithelium is associated with goblet cells? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: c

What type of epithelial cells are as tall as they are wide? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: d

What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the blood vessels? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: c

What cell type makes up the mucosa of the gallbladder? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c

Which of the following is lined by a serosa? a. Genitourinary tract b. Peritoneal cavity c. Respiratory tract d. Alimentary canal e. All of the above are lined by a mucosa Answer: b

What type of gland secretes its product through a duct or tube? a. Endocrine gland b. Multicellular gland c. Exocrine gland d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: c

What is a gland called if the secretory portion is flask shaped? a. Simple gland b. Compound gland c. Tubular d. Alveolar e. Tubuloalveolar Answer: d

What forms the brush border? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: a

What type of epithelium lines the trachea? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: e

What type of tissue lines blood vessels? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: a

What type of epithelium is more than one layer thick? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: b

What do you call a tissue composed of a conglomeration of cells which are tightly packed together, yet which does not have a free surface? An example of such a tissue would be the parenchyma of the adrenal gland. a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: a

What type of epithelium appears stratified, but is not? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: e

Which of the following is lined by a mucosa? a. Peritoneal cavity b. Pericardial cavity c. Pleural cavity d. Alimentary canal e. All of the above are lined by a mucosa Answer: d

What type of gland secretes its product directly into the bloodstream? a. Endocrine gland b. Multicellular gland c. Exocrine gland d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: a

What is a gland called if it has an unbranched duct? a. Simple gland b. Compound gland c. Tubular d. Alveolar e. Tubuloalveolar Answer: a

What is a gland called if the secretory portion is tube shaped ending in a flask shaped area at the terminus? a. Simple gland b. Compound gland c. Tubular d. Alveolar e. Tubuloalveolar Answer: e

What is the surface modification seen on the cells of the epididymis? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: b

What type of epithelium forms the epidermis? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: d

What type of tissue lines most of the gastrointestinal tract? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c

What type of tissue forms the alveoli in the lung? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Pseudostratified epithelium Answer: a

What type of epithelium is composed of flat cells? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: c

What do you call the simple squamous epithelium that lines the abdominal cavity? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: b

What type of epithelium is composed of cells which all touch the basement membrane and is only one cell layer thick? a. Stratified squamous epithelium b. Transitional epithelium c. Stratified cuboidal epithelium d. Pseudostratified epithelium e. None of the above Answer: d

Which of the following is NOT lined by a mucosa? a. Genitourinary tract b. Pericardial cavity c. Respiratory tract d. Alimentary canal e. All of the above are lined by a mucosa Answer: b

What is a gland called if it has an branched duct? a. Simple gland b. Compound gland c. Tubular d. Alveolar e. Tubuloalveolar Answer: b

What are finger like projections on the surface of some cells called? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: a

What cell surface modification is made of microtubules? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: c

What type of tissue composes the kidney tubules? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: b

What type of tissue lines the esophagus? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: d

What type of epithelium is one cell layer thick? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: a

What type of epithelial cells are taller than they are wide? a. Simple b. Stratified c. Squamous d. Cuboidal e. Columnar Answer: e

What type of epithelium has dome shaped cells on the apical surface? a. Epithelioid tissue b. Mesothelium c. Endothelium d. Transitional e. Pseudostratified Answer: d

Which of the following is NOT lined by a serosa? a. Peritoneal cavity b. Pericardial cavity c. Pleural cavity d. Respiratory tract e. All of the above are lined by a serosa Answer: d

Which of the following is a unicellular gland? a. Squamous cell b. Goblet cell c. Basal cell d. Basket cell e. Sertoli cell Answer: b

What forms the striated border? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: a

What is a characteristic of the cells in the epidermis of the skin? a. Microvilli b. Stereocilia c. Cilia d. Keratinization e. Both a and b Answer: d

What is another term for an acinar gland? a. Simple gland b. Compound gland c. Tubular d. Alveolar e. Tubuloalveolar Answer: d

What is the at the anterior portion of a spermatazoon? a.head b. Tail c. Acrosome d. End piece e. Middle piece Answer: The acrosome is the "cap" at the anterior portion of a spermatozoon.

What is another term for the corpus cavernosum urethrae? a. Corpora cavernosa b. Corpus spongiosum c. Urethra d. Corpus cavernosum clitoridis e Erectile tissue The corpus spongiosum is also called the corpus cavernosum urethrae. The corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum are erectile tissue. The corpus cavernosum clitoridis is in the female. The urethra is a muscular tube that runs from the bladder. It transports both urine and semen.

How many corpus spongiosum are there? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 Answer: b

What is the mature sperm cell? a. Primary spermatocytes b. Secondary spermatocytes c. Spermatids d. Spermatozoa e. Spermatogonia Answer: d

Where is the ependyma found? a. Lining ventricles b. Lining spinal canal c. Covering the brain d. Covering the spinal cord e. Both a and b Answer: e

Which type of neuron is most abundant? a. Sensory neurons b. Motor neurons c. Interneurons d. Both a and b e. All of the above Answer: c

Which of the following is NOT considered neuroglia? a. Astrocytes b. Ependymal cells c. Oligodendrocytes d. Microglia e. Schwann cells Answer: e

What is the innervation of an eccrine sweat gland? a. Cholinergic; parasympathetic b. Cholinergic; sympathetic c. Adrenergic; parasympathetic d. Adrenergic; sympathetic e. Cholinergic; motor Answer: b

Which layer in an artery contains the endothelium? a. Tunica intima b. Tunica media c. Tunica externa d. All of the above e. None of the above Answer: a

What layer is NOT found in the gallbladder? a. Mucosa b. Muscularis mucosa c. Muscularis d. Adventita e. Serosa Answer: b

What cell type makes up the mucosa of the gallbladder? a. Simple squamous epithelium b. Simple cuboidal epithelium c. Simple columnar epithelium d. Stratified squamous epithelium e. Transitional epithelium Answer: c

Where in the pancreas are islets of Langerhans most numerous? a. Head b. Body c. Tail d. Evenly distributed e. Depends on the individual Answer: c

Which of the following is NOT a layer of the cornea? a. Bowman's membrane b. Substantia propria c. Descemet's membrane d. Lamina vitrea e. Endothelium Answer: d